Essay Writing India and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) : Progress Made & Challenges For All Competitive Exams
Introduction
In 2015, the United Nations set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to create a more just, equitable, and sustainable world by 2030. As a nation of 1.4 billion people, India's role in achieving these goals is critical. Whether it is reducing poverty, improving education, or tackling climate change, India stands at the crossroads of immense challenges and limitless opportunities.
India’s Achievements in SDGs
India has made notable progress in multiple SDGs. Poverty (SDG 1) has declined, with 135 million people lifted out of poverty between 2015-2021. Health (SDG 3) improved with Ayushman Bharat, benefiting 500 million people. Education (SDG 4) saw reforms under NEP 2020, and literacy rates have risen(77.7%). Renewable energy (SDG 7) now contributes over 40% to power generation. India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy by 2030. Sanitation (SDG 6) improved through Swachh Bharat, achieving 100% rural toilet coverage. Financial inclusion (SDG 8) expanded via PM Jan Dhan Yojana, with 500 million bank accounts opened. These achievements showcase India’s commitment to sustainable development.
Key Challenges Hindering India’s Progress Towards SDGs
India faces several challenges in achieving the SDGs. Poverty (SDG 1) still affects 230 million people. Gender inequality (SDG 5) remains high, with only 25% female workforce participation. Unemployment (SDG 8) persists despite programs like Skill India. Climate change (SDG 13) worsens with 22 of the 30 most polluted cities in India. Water scarcity (SDG 6) affects 600 million Indians, and waste management (SDG 12) remains weak, with only 30% of urban waste processed. India generates 9.28 metric tonnes of hazardous waste per capita. Food security (SDG 2) is threatened by rising inflation and declining agricultural productivity. Stronger policies and innovation are needed to overcome these hurdles.
Challenges and the Way Forward
To achieve the SDGs by 2030, India must focus on:
- Strengthening healthcare and education.
- Promoting renewable energy.
- Reducing inequality and unemployment.
- Ensuring better governance and implementation of policies.
Conclusion
India’s progress on SDGs is impressive but challenges remain. Programs like Digital India, Smart Cities Mission, and Atmanirbhar Bharat showcase India’s commitment to sustainable development. Strong government policies, technological advancements, and public participation are crucial to achieving these goals by 2030.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs) on Essay on India and SDGs
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
The SDGs are 17 global goals set by the United Nations to improve the world by 2030. They focus on ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring peace and prosperity for all. These goals replace the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Are the Sustainable Development Goals legally binding?
No, the SDGs are not legally binding. However, countries are expected to take action by creating national policies and strategies to achieve them. The success of these goals depends on global cooperation and commitment
What are India's key challenges in achieving SDG 2 (Zero Hunger)?
India faces high malnutrition rates, especially among children and women, despite programs like the National Food Security Act and Mid-Day Meal Scheme. Food wastage and inefficient agricultural practices are also major concerns.
How has India progressed in achieving SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being)?
India has reduced maternal and child mortality through initiatives like the National Health Mission and Ayushman Bharat. However, challenges remain in tackling non-communicable diseases and ensuring quality healthcare access in rural areas.
What steps has India taken to improve SDG 4 (Quality Education)?
The Right to Education (RTE) Act ensures free education for children aged 6-14. However, disparities persist in higher education, and there are concerns over education quality, particularly in rural areas. Programs like Skill India aim to bridge the skill gap.
What are India's efforts toward achieving SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy)?
India has expanded its renewable energy sector, aiming for 500 GW capacity by 2030. Initiatives like the Ujjwala Yojana have improved access to cleaner cooking fuels in rural areas.
How is India addressing SDG 13 (Climate Action)?
India is committed to reducing carbon emissions and increasing renewable energy use under the Paris Climate Agreement. However, challenges like climate resilience in flood-prone and drought-hit areas persist.