The greenhouse effect refers to the warming of the Earth's surface due to the presence of greenhouse gases. When the sun's energy reaches the Earth, some of it is absorbed by the surface and warms it. The Earth then radiates some of this heat back towards space. However, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor, trap some of this heat and prevent it from escaping into space. This trapped heat keeps our planet warm enough for life to exist.

Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be much colder, which would make it difficult for most forms of life to survive. However, human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have increased the amount of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This stronger greenhouse effect is causing the Earth's temperature to rise, resulting in climate change and global warming.This change brings about more extreme weather events, like heatwaves, drought, heavy rainfall and also leads to rising sea levels. Moreover, , changes in climate disrupt ecosystems, affecting plants, animals, and their habitats.

To control this, we must take steps to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. This includes using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, conserving energy by turning off lights and appliances when not in use, planting more trees to absorb carbon dioxide, and promoting sustainable practices in agriculture and transportation. By taking these actions, we can help mitigate the impacts of the greenhouse effect and protect our planet for future generations.